identify and understand the use of literary devices, including first- or third-person point of view;
examine how the author's use of language contributes to voice; and
explain the purpose of hyperbole, stereotyping, and anecdote.
plan a first draft by selecting a genre for a particular topic, purpose, and audience using a range of strategies such as brainstorming, freewriting, and mapping;
develop drafts into a focused, structured, and coherent piece of writing by:
organizing with purposeful structure, including an introduction, transitions, and a conclusion; and
developing an engaging idea reflecting depth of thought with specific facts and details;
revise drafts to improve sentence structure and word choice by adding, deleting, combining, and rearranging ideas for coherence and clarity;
edit drafts using standard English conventions, including:
complete simple and compound sentences with subject-verb agreement and avoidance of splices, run-ons, and fragments;
past tense of irregular verbs;
collective nouns;
adjectives, including their comparative and superlative forms;
conjunctive adverbs;
prepositions and prepositional phrases and their influence on subject-verb agreement;
pronouns, including indefinite;
subordinating conjunctions to form complex sentences;
capitalization of abbreviations, initials, acronyms, and organizations;
italics and underlining for titles and emphasis, and punctuation marks, including quotation marks in dialogue and commas in compound and complex sentences; and
correct spelling of words with grade-appropriate orthographic patterns and rules and high-frequency words; and
publish written work for appropriate audiences.
compose literary texts such as personal narratives, fiction, and poetry using genre characteristics and craft;
compose informational texts, including brief compositions that convey information about a topic, using a clear central idea and genre characteristics and craft;
compose argumentative texts, including opinion essays, using genre characteristics and craft; and
compose correspondence that requests information.
generate and clarify questions on a topic for formal and informal inquiry;
develop and follow a research plan with adult assistance;
identify and gather relevant information from a variety of sources;
understand credibility of primary and secondary sources;
demonstrate understanding of information gathered;
differentiate between paraphrasing and plagiarism when using source materials;
develop a bibliography; and
use an appropriate mode of delivery, whether written, oral, or multimodal, to present results.